INTRODUCTION: Swimmers show the highest prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) among elite athletes. Synchronised swimmers are usually exposed for prolonged time periods to chlorinated swimming pools environment. Our aim was to document the presence of criteria for asthma and AHR in synchronised swimmers in comparison with other swimmers. METHODS: International level swimming competitors were recruited in 2008. Athletes had allergy skin prick tests, a baseline spirometry, Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea (EVH) and methacholine challenges. A swimmer was considered as having AHR if the FEV1 fall (EVHf) reached 10% or more post-EVH or if the methacholine PC20 was 4 mg/ml or less, in keeping with the IOC-MC criteria. For athletes taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for at least one month, a response is considered positive 3 years; 11W)+/-if PC20 is .16 mg/ml. RESULTS: Eleven synchronised swimmers (22 2 years; 8W;6M) were included. One synchronised swimmer was +/- and 14 swimmers (20 6 h/week in synchronised+/-taking ICS. Duration of training hours per week was 37 5 h/week in swimmers (p+/-swimmers compared with 28 <0.005). Synchronised 2 years (p=0.51). No+/-4 years and swimmers for 12 +/-swimmers trained for 13 significant difference was observed in prevalence of atopy, forced vital 3.4 +/-capacity or FEV1 between the two groups. Mean methacholine PC20 was 4.3 9.1 mg/ml in swimmers (p=0.77). Mean+/-mg/ml in synchronised swimmers and 7.5 7 in+/-6 % in synchronised swimmers and 12 +/-maximum fall in FEV1 post-EVH was 12 swimmers (p=0.98). There were no significant differences in maximal ventilation, sustained during the 6-min EVH between the two groups (p=0.95). The prevalences of positive diagnostic of AHR to methacholine or EVH challenge were not significantly different between the two groups. Seventy-three percent of synchronised swimmers and 54% of swimmers had AHR to methacholine, and 45% of synchronised swimmers and 46% of swimmers reached a EVHf of at least 10%. Globally, 91% of synchronised swimmers and 77% of swimmers had a positive bronchoprovocation test that could suggest the presence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. CONCLUSION: According to IOC-MC criteria, the majority of swimmers, and more even so elite synchronised swimmers have current criteria for asthma, suggesting that assessment of AHR should be more frequently done in swimmers, especially in synchronised swimmers.
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