Key Points - AOD increasing from 50 to 200 m was higher for female than male swimmers in all trials when expressed per unit of body weight, which seemed to be an effect of the longest time to perform each trial for females, as well as to the inability of females to increase VO2Ac contribution relative to VO2demand, unlike as observed for males. - AOD decreased from 50 to 200 m when analysed in a common unit of time elapsed during trials, with females showing higher values than males only in 200 m. - The observed inverse relationship between AOD and lean body mass suggests that the higher oxygen deficit for female than male swimmers while performing short- and middle-distance races might be accounted for the sex-related differences in lean mass. - The main message is that female swimmers performed short- and middle-distances demanding higher contribution of anaerobic sources than males by comparing AOD relative to body weight, which can be partially explained by the differences in lean body mass between sexes in view of the moderate inverse association to the parameters of AOD estimate (i.e. VO2demand, VO2Ac and slope).
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