A growing body of research has addressed the application of movement-based bio-feedback techniques for improving sports performers` gross motor skills. Unlike inprevious research, we aimed in this study to quantify the effects of this "external"biofeedback on selected performance and technique variables for the boxing jabamong both novices and experts. The technical setup included two inertial measurement units linked wirelessly to a video game system with audio output. The unitswere configured to provide auditory external biofeedback, based on the peak acceleration of the bag (i.e., biofeedback with an external attentional focus). Sixteenparticipants (8 novices and 8 experts) performed boxing jabs against the bag inblocked phases of biofeedback. When compared to baseline, the acute effects ofexternally focused biofeedback on peak bag acceleration were possibly positive inboth retention phases for novices (d=0.29; d=0.41) and likely positive for experts(d=0.41; d=0.30), respectively. The experts` performance improvements wereaccompanied by substantive increases in trunk rotation, though this was not truefor the novices. Thus, technique improvements can be promoted indirectly via externally focused biofeedback, but only when these actions are within the performers motor repertoire. Overall, biofeedback via inertial sensors appears to be a potenttechnique for modifying human movement patterns in both experts and novices.This low-cost technology could be used to support training across sports, rehabilitation and human-computer interactions.
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