Modern rhythmic gymnastics routines may be described as the harmonized movement sequences reasonably standardized as required by the rules of competitions. Presently the sport communities are in need of objective test tools to rate the throws difficulty and quality levels (including the muscle activation patterns in the throw and catching skills) and use these data to effectively improve the technical training systems. Objective of the study was to profile the muscle activation patterns of throw movements in different starting positions to provide an objective database for further progress in rhythmic gymnastics. We applied for the study purposes a set of synchronized instrumental tests (including the contact-free video-sequencing analysis and skin electromyography) to obtain objective movement biomechanics for the apparatus throw sequences. The core muscle group activity was profiled by the electric potentials produced by the skin electromyography, with a special focus on the muscle groups including right/ left side trunk muscles engaged in the throw/ catching movements: musculus extensor carpi ulnaris; musculus flexor carpi ulnaris; musculus triceps/ biceps brachii; musculus deltoideus; musculus trapezius, rectus abdominal muscle; and the broadest muscle of the back. The tests produced average amplitudes of the electric activity turns, integrated bioactivity and muscle reciprocity rates; and the test data were processed by the STATGRAPHICS Plus toolkit for analysis.
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