Context: Since rules and technical scoring equipment for competitions promoted by World Taekwondo have changed, there is a shortage of epidemiology studies reporting how these changes have affected injury profi les and mechanisms. The purposes of this study are fi rst, to analyze the injury incidence and profi les in the World Taekwondo Championships (WTC) and second, to analyze the injury mechanism by the video review of Taekwondo games. Methods: This study design was a descriptive epidemiological study with video analysis. A total of 971 athletes (male 593, female 378, age = 22.9 ± 4.2) who participated in the 2017 Muju WTC were enrolled. All injuries were recorded prospectively in the webbased injury surveillance system developed by the International Olympic Committee. Each injury was recorded retrospectively by three cameras surrounding each court. Injury profi les and mechanisms were calculated as; percent injury rate, injury rate/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs; one athlete participating in one match), injury rate/1000 minute-exposures (MEs; one athlete participating in a match for a duration of 1 min), injury location, type, and mechanism (Injury situation, attacker situation, receiver situation, blocking skill, foot position, attack technique) via the injury surveillance system and video analysis. Results: There were 74 injuries, which corresponded to an overall incidence of 10.2 injuries (95% confi dence interval [CI]: 11.2-15.8) per 100 athletes and the estimated injury rate per 1,000AEs was 59.0 and per 1,000MEs 21.1 for a sevenday period. The face (27.0%), knee (19.8%), ankle (9.2%), fi ngers (6.1%), and hand (5.3%) were most frequently injured parts. Contusions (37.8%), fracture (20.3) and ligament sprains (20.3%) were the most frequently injury types. The main mechanism for contact injury is while attacking with the roundhouse kick (53.5%), and the foot hits against the opponent (37.2%) or when the defender fails to block (83.7%). The attacker was injured when the position of the attacker's leg was in front of the kicking leg (69.8%), and the defender was injured when the defender's blocking or avoiding leg was located in front (58.1%). Among the non-contact injuries [7(9.5%)], the athletes got injured during attacking (66.6%) or when they were kicking (70.5%). In addition, they got injured when they were avoiding (66.6%), or when their supporting leg was in front during attack (70.8%), or supporting leg was in back during defense (65.0%). Conclusions: The incidence of injuries to the face, knee, and ankle was relatively high. To prevent contact injuries, protective headgear and better shin guards and hand protectors need to be developed. In addition, practicing defense techniques from the roundhouse kick should be focused on preventing contact injuries. As for the non-contact injuries, we recommend hamstring strengthening exercises, and neuromuscular training to strengthen the tendons and ligaments protecting the ankle and knee joints.
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