Most athletes participating in sports with specific weight categories compete in a class 5-10% below their habitual weight1). It remains common to lose weight by a combination of dietary restriction, exercise, and sweating for 4-5 days prior to competition. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the different pattern of weight-loss on body composition and performance. Experimental period consisted of three phases: pre weight-loss, weight-loss and repletion. Evaluation was conducted before(Pre) and at the end of weightloss (Post) and 14-15h repletion (Recovery). Study 1 is an observational study for six collegiate male wrestlers preparing for competition. In Study 2, the subjects were divided into a moderate weight-loss group(n=6) and a severe weight-loss group(n=6). They were asked to lose 6%/9% of their body weight during 56h/125h through self-determined ways. Measurements were body weight(BW), body composition, urine specific gravity(USG) and dietary intake (daily energy intake and the proportion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats). Vertical jump and wingate test were also examined in Study 2. In Study 1, BW decreased by 4.8±0.5% in Post and reached Pre-value in Recovery (p<0.05). Although lean body weight(LBW) showed similar change(p<0.05), no difference was observed in percent body fat. In Study 2 BW of both groups decreased in Post (6.0±0.1% for the moderate group vs. 8.8±0.2% for the severe group),but it did not reach Pre-value in Recovery (p<0.05). Although reduced percent body fat by weight-loss reached Pre-value in Recovery(p<0.05), LBW did not recover fully in both groups(p<0.05). USG increased in Post and sustained higher value above Pre in Recovery in both groups(p<0.05). Energy intake significantly decreased in weight-loss and increased above pre weight-loss value in repletion(p<0.05). The carbohydrate proportion increased, but the fat proportion decreased in repletion compared with pre weight-loss(p<0.05). Although the exercise performances were impaired in Recovery compared with Pre(p<0.05), the blood lactate change by wingate test was not affected by weight-loss. No group differences were observed in dietary intake and performance. Weight loss over 6% was accompanied with decreased LBW with dehydration, which might impair performance. However, no effects of the weight-loss patterns were observed.
© Copyright 2016 21st Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS), Vienna, 6. -9. July 2016. Julkaistu Tekijä University of Vienna. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään. / Kääntänyt https://www.DeepL.com/Translator