Background From a physiological perspective, training in the heat can be used to provide a greater training stimulus and increased physiological adaptations (Lorenzo et al. 2010). These adaptations are thought to enhance performance during subsequent competition; regardless of the thermal conditions (Lorenzo et al. 2010). Accordingly, training camps in hot environmental conditions are becoming popular to assist athlete performance (Buchheit et al. 2013). Yet despite the potential for improved physiological adaptation, regular exposure t o heat in training may blunt the performance outcomes of each session (Tucker et al. 2004). Therefore, to ensure athletes obtain the appropriate training stimulus conducive to optimal performance, specific knowledge of the best training environments for pre-competition camps is crucial (Buchheit et al. 2013). The aims of the present study was to determine the effect of high-intensity training in hot or temperate conditions on endurance performance in both hot and thermo-neutral conditions for un-acclimatised, highly-trained endurance athletes. Participants 24 well-trained male triathletes from local and regional triathlon squads and who do not have prior heat acclimatisation were recruited as participants for this study (V02max: 60-70 mL02/min/kg). Methods A parallel, randomized, counter-balanced research design was used to compare the effects of training in hot vs. temperate environments on endurance performance and physiological adaptation. As schematically represented in Figure 1, participants were provided with an unsupervised 2-week pre-study training program and diary (PHASE I) to guide and document training volume and intensity prior to the commencement of the study (to ensure homogeneity of training load). Following the pre-study training program, a 1-week, reduced training load taper was conducted (PHASE II). Following the taper week, participants underwent pre-study performance testing over two days at the INSEP Exercise Physiology Laboratory (Paris, France). Testing included 1) a graded exercise test for V02max and Lactate Threshold; 2) a 30-min Heat Tolerance Test at 60% V02peak; 3) a 20km cycle ergometer time trial in temperate conditions (20oC, 50% relative humidity) and 4) a 20km cycle ergometer time trial in hot conditions (35oC, 50% relative humidity). The training camp (PHASE III) consisted of 12 days of high-intensity training in hot or temperate environmental conditions. The respective training camps were conducted in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe (hot) in environmental temperatures exceeding 30oC on most days; or a workload matched training camp in Paris, France (-15 - 20oC). Both groups reproduced their habitual training program during the training camp. During all training sessions, internal training load was monitored via session rating of perceived exertion (RPE), whilst external load was monitored based on duration, distance and speeds covered during each twice a day session. Following completion of the final training session, a 72h period of recovery will be allowed (inclusive of return travel to Paris plus 48h taper) before commencement of post-training performance testing (GXT, HTT and time trials). Testing were then repeated 10-12 days following the final testing session to determine the decay of adaptations following respective training camps. These time frames were chosen to best approximate the likely time between camp cessation and competition commencement for endurance athletes. During this time following the training camp (PHASE IV), participants were required to maintain a standardized and prescribed training program reproducing a pre-competition taper. Again, the prescribed training sessions were based on external load (ie. duration and distance), and participants maintained training diaries for session duration and type to ensure a matched training load between conditions. In addition to performance testing at the start, end and following the 10 day training camp, car-bon-monoxide (CO) re-breathing methodology was used to measure resting total haemoglobin mass and to determine plasma volume. This talk will present and discuss in details the results collected during this study. Vortrag des Referenten auf der Science + Triathlon 2015 World Conference vom 26.-27. November 2015 am INSEP in Paris
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