Introduction: A synchronised swimming (SS) training session typically includes specific drills, choreographies, and physical conditioning exercises, imposing complex physiological demands (Rodriguez-Zamora et al. 2012). Training volume and intensity differs depending on the age and competitive level ofthe swimmers. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a non-invasive and safe technique for assessing hydration and body composition changes (Lukaski & Piccoli 2012). This study applied BIVA to the assessment of hydration changes evoked by SS during a typical training session in swimmers of different age and competitive level. Method: 59 swimmers were divided into 1) juniors (JR) (16.7±0.9 years) and pre-juniors (pre-JR) (13.9±0.9 years). Body height (h) and mass (BM) were assessed following the norms and procedures of the ISAK. BIVA was conducted PRE and POST a typical training session (pre-JR 2.5±0.1 h; JR 4.0±0.2 h). A multi-frequency wrist-to-ankle BIA meter device (Z-Metrix", BioparHom, France) was used and 50kHz whole-body BIA vectors were analysed by the resistance (R)- reactance (Xc) graphic method, and Z mean values plotted (Piccoli et al. 1994). PRE-POST differences were tested by paired t-test. Hotelling's T2 test determined differences in the complex localised vector through the 95% confidence and tolerance intervals. Results: Significant differences were found in whole-body BIA vector in both pre-JR (T2=25.6, p=0.003) and JR (T2-=25.8, p=0.001). Changes were observed between PRE and POST in BM (pre-JR: 47.0±7.2 kg vs. 46.7±7.3 kg, P<0.001); JR: 53.7±4.9 kg vs. 53.4±4.9 kg, P<0.001), R (pre-JR: 530±46 Q vs. 548±45 Q, P<0.001); JR: 503±33 Q vs. 524 ±45 Q, P=0.004), and Xc (pre-JR: 64.4±5.4 Q vs. 66.6±4.8 0, P=0.002); JR: 66.0±2.9 Q vs. 70.3±4.3 Q, P<0.001). BIVA showed significant vector migration from PRE to POST (T2=8.99; p<0.05) in JR, whereas no changes were noted in pre-JR (T2=l.92; P>0.05).
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