Individual health status is the result of a combination of different factors such as genetics, age, nutritional status, physical activity. The existence of bad food habits and other risk factors leads to an increase in the development of chronic diseases, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and certain types of cancer. The purpose of the present work consists in revealing the risk of development of metabolic diseases by detecting genes polymorphisms for individualization of young athletes` nutrition. 61 bicyclists aged 13-16 years and 78 wrestlers aged 15-20 years participated in the study. Genetic predisposition to the diseases was studied by determination of polymorphism of the following genes by polymerase chain reaction: uncoupling protein 2 (UCP 2) and UCP 3, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-alpha (PPARA) and PPARG. Blood glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol of high density lipoproteins, glucose was also determined after 12- hour overnight fast. Valuing of young sportsmen` college nutrition was done with the use of computer program, which was worked out in biochemical department of Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture. 35% bicyclists and 25% wrestlers have a genotype -55 Val/Val of gene UCP-2 with a high degree of risk of development of type 2 diabetes; 10 % of bicyclists and 10% of wrestlers with -55 TT polymorphism of gene UCP-3 are group of risk for development of an atherosclerosis, adiposity and of type 2 diabetes. At studying polymorphism of gene PPARG it is established that 57% young bicyclists and 69,6 % of wrestlers have a Pro/Pro allele of gene PPARG, that is connected with predisposition to development of diabetes of II type. Due to PPARA gene polymorphism only 5% of bicyclists and 3,3% of wrestlers with CC genotype have the risk of lipid metabolism abnormalities and atherosclerosis development. Blood glycated hemoglobin concentration is within physiological level 3,7% - 5,7% of total hemoglobin content that testifies to absence of infringement of young cyclists carbohydrate metabolism. There were no significant differences between carriers of studied genotypes and determined blood parameters. There was no correlation between undesirable genotypes, body mass index and % of fat mass also. The nutrition mistakes, examined showed fat intake comes about 33% from total energy cost due to fat - rich diet; there is no equation of carbohydrates; athletes have abundance cholesterol consumption, and deficiency of calcium intake and vitamins A, B1, B2. 33% young examined athletes have higher predisposition to metabolic diseases due to various combination of genes polymorphism. Energy and nutrients intake are unequal recommended for young athletes physiological needs.
© Copyright 2007 12th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Jyväskylä, Finland - July 11-14th 2007. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään. / Kääntänyt https://www.DeepL.com/Translator