Head injuries in professional male football (soccer) over 13 years: 29% lower incidence rates after a rule change (red card)
Background: Absolute numbers of head injuries in football (soccer) are considerable because of its high popularity and the large number of players. In 2006 a rule was changed to reduce head injuries. Players were given a red card (sent off) for intentional elbow-head contact.
Aims: To describe the head injury mechanism and examine the effect of the rule change.
Methods: Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine "kicker", a database of all head injuries in the 1st German Male Bundesliga was generated comprising seasons 2000/01-2012/13. Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) as well as incidence rate ratios (IRR) to assess differences before and after the rule change were calculated.
Results: 356 head injuries were recorded (IR 2.22, 95% CI 2.00 to 2.46 per 1000 match hours). Contact with another player caused most head injuries, more specifically because of head-head (34%) or elbow-head (17%) contacts. After the rule change, head injuries were reduced by 29% (IRR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.86, p=0.002). Lacerations/abrasions declined by 42% (95% CI 0.39 to 0.85), concussions by 29% (95% CI 0.46 to 1.09), contusions by 18% (95% CI 0.43 to 1.55) and facial fractures by 16% (95% CI 0.55 to 1.28).
Conclusions: This rule change appeared to reduce the risk of head injuries in men`s professional football.
© Copyright 2019 British Journal of Sports Medicine. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd of the BMA. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.
Aiheet: | vamma pää huippu-urheilu jalkapallo kilpailusäännöt ja määräykset |
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Aihealueet: | biologiset ja lääketieteelliset tieteet urheilukilpailut |
Tagging: | Regeländerung |
DOI: | 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097217 |
Julkaisussa: | British Journal of Sports Medicine |
Julkaistu: |
2019
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Vuosikerta: | 53 |
Numero: | 15 |
Sivuja: | 948-952 |
Julkaisutyypit: | artikkeli |
Kieli: | englanti (kieli) |
Taso: | kehittynyt |