The effects of plyometric jump training on jumping and swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers

Swimming performance can be improved not only by in-water sport-specific training but also by means of dry land-training (e.g., plyometric jump training [PJT]). This study examined the effects of an 8-week PJT on proxies of muscle power and swimming performance in prepubertal male swimmers. Participants were randomly allocated to a PJT group (PJT; n = 14; age: 10.3 ± 0.4 years, maturity-offset = -3±0.3) or a control group (CG; n = 12; age: 10.5 ± 0.4 years, maturity-offset = -2.8 ± 0.3). Swimmers in PJT and CG performed 6 training sessions per week. Each training session lasted between 80 and 90 minutes. Over the 8 weeks in-season training period, PJT performed two PJT sessions per week, each lasting between 25 to 30 minutes (~1 hour per week) in replacement of sport-specific swimming drills. During that time, CG followed their regular sport-specific swimming training (e.g., coordination, breathing, improving swimming strokes). Overall training volume was similar between groups. Pre- and post-training, tests were conducted to assess proxies of muscle power (countermovement-jump [CMJ]), standing-long-jump [SLJ]) and sport-specific swimming performances (15-, 25-, and 50-m front-crawl, 25-m kick without push [25-m kick WP], and 25-m front-crawl WP). No training or test-related injuries were detected over the course of the study. Between-group analyses derived from magnitude-based inferences showed trivial-to-large effects in favour of PJT for all tests (ES = 0.28 to 1.43). Within-group analyses for the PJT showed small performance improvements for CMJ (effect-size [ES] = 0.53), 25-m kick WP (ES = 0.25), and 50-m front crawl (ES = 0.56) tests. Moderate performance improvements were observed for the SLJ, 25-m front-crawl WP, 15-m and 25-m front-crawl tests (ES = 0.95, 0.60, 0.99, and 0.85, respectively). For CG, the within-group results showed trivial performance declines for the CMJ (ES=-0.13) and the 50-m front-crawl test (ES = -0.04). In addition, trivial-to-small performance improvements were observed for the SLJ (ES = 0.09), 25-m kick WP (ES = 0.02), 25-m front-crawl WP (ES = 0.19), 25-m front-crawl (ES = 0.2), (SLJ [ES = 0.09, and 15-m front crawl (ES = 0.36). Short-term in-season PJT, integrated into the regular swimming training, was more effective than regular swimming training alone in improving jump and sport-specific swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers. Key Points Short-term (i.e., 8 weeks) plyometric jump training conducted during the in-season period is safe and it resulted in substantial improvements in jumping and swimming performances in prepubertal male swimmers. Practitioners should consider plyometric jump training when designing their training strategies to improve swimming performance of prepubertal male athletes.
© Copyright 2019 Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Department of Sports Medicine - Medical Faculty of Uludag University. Kaikki oikeudet pidätetään.

Aiheet: uinti suorituskyky harjoittelu plyometrinen harjoittelu hyppy suhde ikä nuoriso miespuolinen voima, vahvuus suorituskehitys
Aihealueet: kestävyys urheilu junioriurheilu
Tagging: Dehnungs-Verkürzungs-Zyklus
Julkaisussa: Journal of Sports Science & Medicine
Julkaistu: 2019
Vuosikerta: 18
Sivuja: 805-811
Julkaisutyypit: artikkeli
Kieli: englanti (kieli)
Taso: kehittynyt